MY COLLECTION - ALBUM NO 7 - SOVIET UNION & EUROPE - GERMANY - WEST & EAST GERMANY COINS

CHAPPIDI ABHIRATH REDDY,
C/O COL GKS REDDY,

Secunderabad - 500 015.



West Germany Coins.

          The Deutsche Mark (help·info) (German pronunciation: [ˈdɔʏtʃə ˈmaʁk], German mark, abbreviated "DM") was the official currency ofWest Germany (1948–1990) and unified Germany (1990–2002) until the adoption of the euro in 2002. It is commonly called the "Deutschmark" in English but not in German. Germans often say "Mark" (help·info) or "D-Mark" (help·info). It was first issued under Allied occupation in 1948 replacing the Reichsmark, and served as the Federal Republic of Germany's official currency from its founding the following year until 1999, when the mark was replaced by the euro; its coins and banknotes remained in circulation, defined in terms of euros, until the introduction of euro notes and coins in early 2002. The Deutsche Mark ceased to be legal tenderimmediately upon the introduction of the euro—in contrast to the other Eurozone nations, where the euro and legacy currency circulated side by side for up to two months. Mark coins and banknotes continued to be accepted as valid forms of payment in Germany until 28 February 2002. However in 2012, it was estimated that as many 13.2 billion marks were in circulation, with polls showing a narrow majority of Germans favouring the currency's restoration. 

       The Deutsche Bundesbank has guaranteed that all German marks in cash form may be changed into euros indefinitely, and one may do so at any branch of the Bundesbank in Germany. Banknotes can even be sent to the bank by mail.

          On 31 December 1998, the Council of the European Union fixed the irrevocable exchange rate, effective 1 January 1999, for German mark to euros as DM 1.95583 = €1. One Deutsche Mark was divided into 100 Pfennig.

West Germany – One Pfennig – Copper – 1981

West Germany – Two Pfennig – Copper – 1991

West Germany – Five Pfennig – Bronze – 1949

West Germany – Five Pfennig – Brass – 1950

West Germany – 10 Pfennig – Bronze – 1949

West Germany – Ten Pfennig – Brass – 1987

West Germany – Fifty Pfennig – Reeded Edge – Nickel - 1950

West Germany – Fifty Pfennig – Plain Edge – Nickel – 1990

West Germany – One Mark – Nickel – 1975

West Germany – Five Marks – Nickel – 1990

East Germany Coins

          The East German mark (German: Mark der DDR (help·info)) commonly called the eastern mark ( Ostmark (help·info) in West Germany and after the reunification), in East Germany only Mark, was the currency of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Its ISO 4217 currency code was DDM. The currency was known officially as the Deutsche Mark from 1948 to 1964,Mark der Deutschen Notenbank from 1964 to 1967, and from 1968 to 1990 as the Mark der DDR (Mark of the GDR); it was referred to colloquially as simply the Mark. It was divided into 100 Pfennig (Pf). 

East Germany – One Pfennig – Nickel – 1968

East Germany – Five Pfennig – Nickel – 1978

East Germany – Fifty Pfennig – Nickel – 1987

East Germany – One Deutsche Mark – Aluminium – 1956

East Germany – Two Deutsche Mark – Aluminium – 1957

East Germany – Five Deutsche Mark – 20^th Anniversary of DDR - Copper – 1969

East Germany –Ten Deutsche Mark – 25^th Anniversary of DDR – 1974

East Germany – Twenty Deutsche Mark – Heinrich Mann – 1971

East Germany – Twenty Deutsche Marks – Ernst ThalMann – Nickel - 1971

Note - Some of the images of coins in my collection, have been taken from the Gallery to the extent available, to save on time & effort involved in photography & editing.

MY COLLECTION - ALBUM NO 7 - SOVIET UNION & EUROPE - GERMANY - GERMAN STATES TO THIRD REICH COINS

CHAPPIDI ABHIRATH REDDY
C/O COL GKS REDDY

Secunderabad - 500 015.


Coins of the Geran States

          The coins of the seemingly innumerable German States prior to the formation of the modern state of Germany in 1872 comprise some of the most interesting and complex series to collect that could be found anywhere. From tiny, rare coppers of the kipper period to huge and expensive silver lösers (multiple thalers), and gold ducats, German coins have something to pique the interest of nearly any type of collector. Over 300 duchies, bishoprics, states, territories, cities, abbots, and other issuers minted coins, some for just a few years, others almost unbroken for 1000 years. My collection of German States coins is very meagre, but I do have a collection all the same.

Aachen State – 12 Heller – Silver – 1759

Baden State – One Kreuzer – Copper – 1851

Bavaria State – One Kreuzer – Silver – 1850

Bavaria State – Six Kreuzer – Silver – 1806

Bavaria State – One Pfennig – Copper – 1866

Hannovar State – One Groschen – Silver - 1862

Prussian State – Two Pfenninge – Bronze – 1854

Prussian State  - Three Pfenninge – Copper – 1860

Prussian State – Three Pfenninge – Bronze – 1867

Prussian State – One Silber Groschen – 1821

German Empire Coins

          Prussia and her allies won a decisive victory over France in 1871. One of the results of this war was that it unified Germany under Prussian rule, and thus unified German coinage. Well, mostly unified the coinage. In 1871, the German Empire adopted the decimal system, where 1 mark = 100 pfennig. Denominations of the small coins (in 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 50 pfennig, and 1/2 mark and 1 mark) were standard throughout the empire and coinage started in 1873. All the coins are of basically the same design: an imperial eagle front and the denomination on the reverse (the earlier coins had a small eagle and the later coins had a large eagle). Each issue has some scarce-to-rare dates or mints that you may never see on eBay, but you can put together a fairly nice type set quite easily (with only the large eagle 50 pfennig being tough for a budget collector). 

          At its peak, Germany had 9 different mints operating, so nearly every series has some very scarce issues; "H" coins from Darmstadt tend to be the rarest, and "A" coins from Berlin are usually the most plentiful. The silver 50 pfennigs (which were succeeded by the more common 1/2 mark of the same size and weight) and the nickel 20 pfennigs are both under-appreciated series. The base metals coins 1-10 pfennig are often sold in large lots. 

One Pfennig – Bronze – 1875

Two Pfennig – Bronze - 1874

Five Pfennig – Nickel – 1889

Five Pfennig – Nickel – 1909

Ten Pfennig – Silver – 1875

Half Mark – Nickel – 1914

Weimer Republic Coins

          The so-called Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933 was operating under some severe constraints - partial occupation, heavy reparations payments, loss of territory, more, and made some thoughtless and clumsy mistakes, like the engineered inflation of the early 1920s. Its weakness allowed the Nazis to grow, egged on by various money people in Germany and abroad. Nazi governing theory was one of most thoroughly articulated schemes of total control ever divised. Its major flaws were probably the megalomania of the supreme leader and the evident fact that he and the rest of the top dogs believed their own lies.

          Germany's inflation is clearly demonstrated in the coins of the Weimar Republic. The aluminum 50 Pfennig was introduced in 1919 to replace the silver 1/2 Mark that had disappeared from circulation due to hoarding. The 23mm coin was produced until 1922, though by the end 1922 it had lost almost all of its purchasing power. The design featured the denomination on the obverse and a bundle of grain on the reverse. In 1923 an aluminum 200 Mark coin was introduced. It also was 23mm, the same diameter as the 50 Pfennig, however it was thinner. It had the denomination on the obverse and an eagle on the reverse.

Weimer Republic – Fifty Pfennig – Aluminium – 1922

Weimer Republic – Fifty Reichpfennig – Silver – 1928

Third Reich Coins

          "Gemeinnutz geht vor Eigennutz" translates roughly to "The community comes before the individual". Minted on the edge of all 3rd Reich silver Reichsmark coins, this perhaps typifies Nazi society. And with it comes an understanding of how any concept of individual human "rights" 

was at odds with the good of the collective. The German 3rd Reich is 

commonly understood to have begun with the Nazi rise to power in 1933 up to its 1945 war defeat 

marking the end of WW2. 

        The 3rd Reich had a number of mints (coin factories). Each mint location had its own identifiable letter. It is therefore possible to identify exactly which mint produced what coin by noting the mint mark (letter) on the coin. Not all mints were authorised to produce coins every year. The mints were also only authorised to produced a set number of coins with some mints allocated a greater production than others. Some of the coins with particular mint marks are therefore scarcer than others. With the silver 2 and 5 Reichsmark coins, the mint mark is found under the date on the left side of the coin (see scans below). On the smaller denomination Reichspfennig coins, the mint mark is found on the bottom center of the coin. Most, but not all Third Reich coins display a swastika.

Third Reich – One Reichpfennig – Bronze – 1939

Third Reich – Five Reichpfennig – Bronze – 1940

Third Reich - Ten Reich Pfennig - Bronze - 1940

Third Reich – One Reichsmark – Nickel – 1934

Third Reich – Fifty Reichpfennig – Aluminium – 1935

Note - Some of the images of coins in my collection, have been taken from the Gallery to the extent available, to save on time & effort involved in photography & editing.

MY COLLECTION - ALBUM NO 7 - SOVIET UNION & EUROPE - SOVIET UNION COINS

CHAPPIDI ABHIRATH REDDY
C/O COL GKS REDDY

Secunderabad - 500015


Currency of Soviet Union

          The Soviet ruble or rouble (Russian: рубль; see below for other languages of the USSR) was the currency of the Soviet Union. One ruble is divided into 100 kopeks, (also transliterated as kopecks or copecks Russian: копе́йка, pl. копе́йки - kopeyka,kopeyki).

          In addition to standard banknotes, the Soviet ruble was available in the form of foreign rubles (Russian: инвалютный рубль); also, several forms of virtual rubles were used for inter-enterprise accounting and international settlement in the Comecon zone.[1] Many of the ruble designs were created by Ivan Dubasov.

          The Soviet currency had its own name in all Soviet languages, sometimes quite different from its Russian designation. All banknotes had the currency name and their nominal printed in the languages of every Soviet Republic. This naming is preserved in modern Russia; for example: Tatar for ruble and kopek are sum and tien. The current names of several currencies of Central Asia are simply the local names of the ruble. Finnish last appeared on 1947 banknotes since the Karelo-Finnish SSR was dissolved in 1956.

My Collection.

My Collection of Soviet Union Coins is reasonably OK. My collection contains about 23 coins of different denominations

½ Kopeck – Copper – 1909

One Kopeck – Bronze – 1901

One Kopeck – Brass – 1990

One Kopeck – Nickel – 1998

Two Kopeck – Bronze – 1903

Two Kopeck – Brass – 1935

Two Kopeck – Brass – 1961

Three Kopeck – Brass – 1946

Three Kopeck – Brass – 1970

Five Kopeck – Brass – 1961

Ten Kopeck – Nickel – 1954

Ten Kopeck – Brass – 1999

Fifteen Kopeck – Nickel – 1953

Fifteen Kopeck – Nickel – 1991

Twenty Kopeck – Nickel – 1932

Twenty Kopeck – Nickel – 1936

Twenty Kopeck – Nickel – 1957

One Rouble – Anniversary of WW II Victory – Nickel – 1965

One Rouble – Centennial of Lenin’s Birth – Nickel – 1970

One Rouble – 12^th World Youth Festival – Nickel – 1985

Three Roubles – Defence of Moscow – Nickel – 1991

Fifty Roubles –Wild Life Series – Bear – 1993

One Hundred Roubles – Nickel - 1993

Note - Some of the images of coins in my collection, have been taken from the Gallery to the extent available, to save on time & effort involved in photography & editing.