MY COLLECTION - ALBUM NO 6 - NORTH AMERICA - CANADA, CUBA, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND NICARAGUA COINS

CHAPPIDI ABHIRATH REDDY
C/O COL GKS REDDY

Secunderabad - 500015



Coins of Canada.

          The Canadian dollar (symbol: $; code: CAD) is the currency of Canada. It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or C$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies.[1] It is divided into 100 cents.

          Owing to the image of a loon on the one-dollar coin, the currency is sometimes referred to as the loonie (though this term is often reserved only for the coin itself, see Loonie).

One Cent - Copper - Canada - 1965

Five Cents - Cupro-Nickel - Canada - 1988

Ten Cents - Nickel - Canada - 1979

One Dollar - Brass - Canada - 1993

Two Dollars - Bi-Metallic - Canada - 1996

Costarica Coins

          The colón (named after Christopher Columbus, known as Cristóbal Colón in Spanish) is the currency of Costa Rica. The plural iscolones. The ISO 4217 code is CRC.

          The symbol for the colón is a capital letter "C" crossed by two diagonal strokes. The symbol is encoded at U+20A1 ₡ colón sign(HTML: ₡) and may be typed on many English language Microsoft Windows keyboards using the keystrokes ALT+8353.

         The colón sign is not to be confused with U+00A2 ¢ cent sign (HTML: ¢ ¢), or with the Ghanaian cedi, U+20B5 ₵ cedi sign (HTML: ₵). Nonetheless, the commonly available cent symbol '¢' is frequently used locally to designate the colón in price markings and advertisements. 

The United States dollar is also accepted unofficially in some places throughout Costa Rica.

One Colon - Alluminium - Costarica

Cuba Coins.

          The peso (ISO 4217 code: CUP, sometimes called the "national peso" or in Spanish moneda nacional) is one of two official currencies in use in Cuba, the other being the convertible peso (ISO 4217 code: CUC, occasionally referred to as "dollar" in spoken language). It is subdivided into 100 centavos.

          Cuban state workers receive a portion of their wages in convertible pesos, the rest in national pesos. Shops selling basics, like fruit and vegetables, generally accept only the normal peso, while "dollar shops" sell the rest. The word "pesos" may refer to both non-convertible and convertible money. Cuban convertible pesos are 25 times more valuable, but this does not completely eliminate the confusion for tourists: since goods bought in national pesos have controlled prices, tourists are sometimes confused by prices perceived as "too cheap." 

One Centavo - Nickel - Cuba - 1972

Five Centavos - Copper - Cuba - 1946

Ten Centavos - Nickel - Cuba - 1996

Twenty Centavos - Cupro-Nickel - Cuba - 1962

Twenty Five Centavos - Nickel - Cuba - 1994

Dominican Republic.

      The Dominican peso is the currency of the Dominican Republic (Spanish: República Dominicana). Its symbol is "$", with "RDquot; used when distinction from other pesos (or dollars) is required; its ISO 4217 code is "DOP". Each peso is divided into 100 centavos("cents"), for which the ¢ symbol is used. It is the only currency that is legal tender in the Dominican Republic for all monetary transactions, whether public or private.

Half Peso - Cupro-Nickel - Dominican Republic - 1987

Five Pesos - Bi-Metallic - Dominican Republic - 1997

Ten Pesos - Cupro-Nickel - Dominican Republic - 1987

Note - Some of the images of coins in my collection, have been taken from the Gallery to the extent available, to save on time & effort involved in photography & editing.

VISIT TO EUROPE - SWITZERLAND - TRAIN JOURNEY - INTERLAKEN TO LUZERN

CHAPPIDI ABHIRATH REDDY
C/O COL GKS REDDY

Secunderabad - 500015

          Visited Luzern on 27 Sep 2013, after visiting Wilderswill, Interlaken, Jung Frau Joch and Schynige Platte on 25 and 26 Sep 2013. We started from Interlaken by train at 0700h and managed to take some snaps of the beautiful scenery enroute, before reaching Luzern by about 1030h or so.

The elbow rest at every window of the Train had the map of the entire 

area from start point of the train to the destination, to make it easier 

for the tourists to know the area and the progress of the journey

Interlaken to Brienz along Lake Brienz

        

Though the Railway track from Interlaken to Brienz, runs along Lake Brienz most of the time, Clear view of the Lake are visible only once in a while, due to the undulating ground and the obstruction of view by the trees. We did manage to capture some scenery all the same, from our train compartment. Some of the scenery are shown below.

Brienz to Luzern

          The terrain during rest of the journey from Brienz Village to Luzern was Forested hills dotted with villages and green Meadows.

Note:- The information about the places visited has been Extracted from Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia

MY COLLECTION - ALBUM NO 5 - THAILAND, BRUNEI, CAMBODIA, LAOS, PHILIPPINES & MALDIVES COINS

CHAPPIDI ABHIRATH REDDY,
C/O COL GKS REDDY,

Secunderabad - 500 015.


Thailand coins

          The baht (Thai: บาท, sign: ฿; code: THB) is the currency of Thailand. It is subdivided into 100 satang (สตางค์). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand.

          Rama III (1824-1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowry shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. However, the king rejected both designs. The name of the country put on these first coins was Muang Thai, not Siam Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called "bullet" coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped. Denominations issued included 1⁄128,1⁄64, 1⁄32, 1⁄16, 1⁄8, ½, 1, 1½, 2, 2½, 4, 4½, 8, 10, 20, 40, and 80 baht in silver and 1⁄32, 1⁄16, 1⁄8, ½, 1, 1½, 2, and 4 baht in gold. 1 gold baht was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand.

          In 1860, modern style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 sik, 1 fuang, 1 and 2 salung, 1, 2 and 4 baht, with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight related. Tin 1 solot and 1 att followed in 1862, with gold 2½, 4 and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 att in 1865. Copper replaced tin in the 1 solot and 1 att in 1874, with copper 4 att introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895.

          In 1897, the first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel 2½, 5, 10 and 20 satang. However, 1 solot, 1 and 2 att coins were struck until 1905 and 1 fuang coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5 and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 salung were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze ½ satang were issued.

          In 1941, a series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10 and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by WWII. The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5 and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium-bronze 5, 10, 25 and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1 baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing the date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25 and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1 baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982.

          In 1972, cupronickel 5 baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988, a new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5 and 10 satang, aluminium-bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad-copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad-steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005.

          In 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the Royal Thai Mint announced the 2009 coin series, which included changes in materials to reduce production costs as well as an update of the image on the obverse to a more recent portrait of the King. The two-baht coin, confusingly similar in color and size to the one-baht coin, was changed from nickel-clad low-carbon steel to aluminium bronze. New two-baht coin was the first of the new series released on February 3, 2009. Followed by satang coin in April, five-baht coin in May, ten-baht coin in June and one-baht coin in July 2009.

Twenty Five Satang - 1957 - Aluminium Bronze

Twenty Five Satang - 1977 - Aluminium Bronze

Twenty Five Satang - 1997 - Aluminium Bronze

One Baht - King Rama IX - 1962 - Nickel

One Baht - 1977 - Nickel

One Baht - The Grand Palace - 1982 to 1985 - Nickel

One Baht - Temple of Emerald Buddha - 1986 - Nickel

Five Baht - 1972 - Nickel

Five Baht - King Rama, Snake & Eagle - 1977 - Nickel

Five Baht - The Marble Temple - 1988 - Nickel

Ten Baht - The Temple of the Dawn - 1988 - Bi Metallic

Brunei Coins

          The Brunei Currency and Monetary Board (BCMB) is the central bank of Brunei Darussalam. It was rechartered on February 1, 2004, pursuant to the Currency and Monetary Order of 2004.

          The Brunei Currency Board was established on June 12, 1967, and the introduction of the Brunei Dollar as the new currency of Brunei in replacing the Malaya and British Borneo dollar after the Currency Union Agreement between Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei was terminated and all three countries issued their own currencies which continued to be interchangeable until May 8, 1973, when Malaysia terminated the agreement with Singapore and Brunei. The Currency Interchangeability Agreement between Singapore and Brunei is still existent. On 27 June 2007, Singapore and Brunei celebrated the 40th anniversary of the Currency Interchangeability Agreement (since 12 June 1967) with the joint-issue of the commemorative $20 notes.

Twenty Sen - 1983 - Nickel

Fifty Sen - 1988 - Nickel

Cambodia Coins

          The riel (Khmer: រៀល; sign: ៛; code: KHR) is the currency of Cambodia. There have been two distinct riel, the first issued between 1953 and May 1975. Between 1975 and 1980, the country had no monetary system. A second currency, also named "riel", has been issued since April 1, 1980. However, this currency has never gained much public acceptance, with most Cambodians preferring foreign currency. The UN peacekeeping operation of 1993 injected a large quantity of U.S. dollars into the local economy. As a result, the dollar has become the country's common currency. Riel notes are used for fractional dollar amounts as U.S. coins are not in circulation. The symbol is encoded in Unicode at U+17DB ៛ khmer currency symbol riel(HTML: ៛).

          Popular belief suggests that the name of the currency comes the Mekong river fish, the riel ("small fish" in Khmer). It is more likely that the name derives from the high silver content Mexican Real used by Malay, Indian and Chinese merchants in mid-19th-century Cambodia.

Five Sen - 1979 - Aluminium

Two Hundred Riels - 1994 - Aluminium

Laos Coins

          The kip (Lao: ກີບ; code: LAK; sign: ₭ or ₭N; Official Name: ເງີນກີບລາວ, lit. "Currency Lao Kip") is the currency of Laos since 1952. One kip is divided into 100 att (ອັດ).

          Coins were issued in denominations of 10, 20 and 50 att or cents with French and Lao inscriptions. All were struck in aluminium and had a hole in the centre, like the Chinese cash coins. The only year of issue was 1952.

Ten Cents - 1952 - Aluminium

Twenty Cents - 1952 - Aluminium

Philippines Coins

          The peso (Filipino: piso; sign: ₱; code: PHP) is the currency of the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 centavos (Filipino: sentimo, Visayan:sentabo). Before 1967 as a former colony of the United States, the language used on the banknotes and coins was in English, and so the word "peso" was used. Since the adaption of Filipino language for banknotes and coins, the Filipino term "piso" is now used on Philippine money.

          The peso is usually denoted by the symbol "₱". Other ways of writing the Philippine peso sign are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", or just "P". The "₱" symbol was added to the Unicode standard in version 3.2 and is assigned U+20B1 (₱). The symbol can be accessed through some word processors by typing in "20b1" and then pressing the Alt and X buttons simultaneously. Font support for the Unicode Peso sign has been around for some time as the peso is also the currency used by Mexico and other former colonies of Spain in Latin America, which still use the currency.

          The Philippine coins and banknotes are minted and printed at the Security Plant Complex of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) in Quezon City.

Twenty Five Sentimos - 1972 - Nickel

Twenty Five Sentimos - 1980 - Nickel

Twenty Five Sentimos - 1985 - Brass

One Peso - 1985 - Nickel

Two Peso - 1984 - Nickel

Five Peso - 1991 - Steel

Maldives Coins

          The Maldivian unit of currency is the rufiyaa (ISO 4217 code MVR, symbol Rf.), introduced in 1981. The rufiyaa is divided into 100 laari. On 1 February 2009, the exchange rate with the US dollarwas USD1.00 = MVR12.80. On 10 April 2011, the Government announced a limited float of the currency within a band of 20% from the previous exchange rate of 12.80. Due to short supply of US Dollars, the official rate quoted by all banks as on 10 May stands as follows: Buy Rate USD 1.00 = MVR 14.42; Sell Rate USD 1.00 = MVR 15.42.

Ten Laari - 1960 - Brass

Fifty Laari - 1960 - Cupro Nickel

Note - Some of the images of coins in my collection, have been taken from the Gallery to the extent available, to save on time & effort involved in photography & editing